A previous blog post examined the difference between the principal types of Spanish judicial decisions (resoluciones judiciales): providencias, autos and sentencias. To complete this survey, here are some of the basic terms and expressions relating to judgments:

• dictar sentencia—to render/hand down/give (E&W) judgment
• tribunal sentenciador—adjudicating court; court rendering judgment
• sentencia dictada en primera instancia—trial judgment
• sentencia dictada en segunda instancia—appellate judgment; judgment on appeal
• sentencia definitiva (recurrible)—final (appealable) judgment
• sentencia firme (no recurrible)—final (unappealable) judgment; judgment that has become final
• devenir firme; adquirir firmeza; pasar en autoridad de cosa juzgada; causar estado; causar ejecutoria—to become final (and unappealable)
• la sentencia ha devenido firme, la sentencia ha adquirido firmeza—the judgment has become final
• sentencia contra la que no cabe recurso alguno—judgment not subject to appeal
• sentencia meramente procesal; sentencia de absolución en la instancia—judgment without a ruling on the merits
• sentencia material; sentencia sobre el fondo—judgment on the merits
• sentencia declaratoria—declaratory judgment
• sentencia desestimatoria; sentencia absolutoria—judgment for the defendant (civil proceedings)
• sentencia estimatoria—judgment for the plaintiff (civil proceedings)
• sentencia de condena; sentencia condenatoria—judgment for the plaintiff (awarding relief to the plaintiff) (civil proceedings)**
• condena dineraria; condena al pago de cantidad de dinero—money judgment (civil proceedings)
• condenado—judgment debtor (civil proceedings)
• condena no dineraria—non-money judgment (civil proceedings)
• sentencia ultra petita/petitum—judgment granting more than the relief requested
• sentencia infra petita/petitum—judgment granting less than the relief requested
• sentencia extra petita/petitum—judgment granting something other than the relief requested

Source: Rebecca Jowers. Léxico temático de terminología jurídica español-inglés. Madrid: Tirant lo Blanch, 2015, pp. 158-159.

** See here for additional meanings of condena and condenado in the context of Spanish criminal proceedings.